Mineral Incrustation

Mineral Incrustation occurs when mineral scale forms around the well bore when the well is inefficient or is pumped at too high velocities. The draw down created by pumping the well causes a reduced pressure in the aquifer, which releases carbon dioxide gas (CO2), from the water. This CO2 deficiency causes a chemical imbalance forcing dissolved minerals in the water like calcium, and magnesium to form insoluble scale. Additionally, iron, manganese and sulfates may also precipitate. Inorganic precipitates make up the mineralization of well gravel packs and formations and result in clogging or cementing throughout the pore spaces and pathways. Generally, mineral scales require cleaning in the screen or formation only. Hard scales respond well to concussion cleaning like sonic or high pressure jetting, air bursts or detonations. Following with wire brushing or swabbing and air lifting will remove the debris prior to chemical treatment.